Which method is least effective when assessing why students struggle with reading?

Relying on student self-reporting is the least effective method for assessing why students struggle with reading because it heavily depends on the student's self-awareness and ability to articulate their challenges. Students may not fully understand or accurately express the reasons for their difficulties, whether due to age, lack of metacognitive skills, or emotional factors. This subjective approach can lead to misinterpretations or incomplete information, making it a less reliable method compared to other more objective assessments.

In contrast, methods like analyzing standardized test scores, observing classroom participation, and administering informal assessments offer more structured and observable data that can provide clearer insights into a student's reading abilities and challenges. These approaches can quantify performance, observe behavior in real contexts, or provide targeted feedback, making them more effective in diagnosing reading struggles.