What does the term "decoding" refer to in the context of reading?

The term "decoding" in the context of reading specifically refers to the ability to sound out and recognize words based on their spelling. This process involves translating written letters into sounds, which then come together to form words. Effective decoding skills are fundamental for reading fluency, as they enable a reader to accurately pronounce and understand the words they encounter. This skill is essential for developing overall reading comprehension, as readers who can decode words are better equipped to engage with the text's content and meaning. Understanding how to decode is a critical step in literacy development, particularly for young learners.